Social and Emotional Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social and Emotional Learning - Essay Example †¢ Social enthusiastic learning in schools is best accomplished when they are customized. In other words that the social enthusiastic learning ought to be standardized to have a center and perceived spot in the educational plan of the school. The way toward coding the social enthusiastic adapting needs of understudies into the school’s educational program is alluded to as social passionate getting the hang of programming; and the particular exercises that fall under the social enthusiastic picking up writing computer programs are known as social enthusiastic learning programs. †¢ Roberts (2009) recognizes some social enthusiastic learning programs that could normally be utilized in out schools and that are similarly replicable in this specific school. Be that as it may, even before illuminating the particular social and enthusiastic learning programs that can be executed in schools, she alerts every one of the projects ought to have the option to â€Å"†provide some remuneration, regularly working with guardians and the neighborhood community† and this ought to without a doubt be the sole reason for making a decision about the suitability of any named social and passionate learning program (p. 17). †¢ Based on the rules given over, the accompanying types of social and passionate learning programs are recognized and quickly plot on how they work in the educational system. The projects incorporate citizenship instruction, Early Training Project, Penn Resiliency Program (PRP), individual social and wellbeing instruction (PSHE), Social and Emotional Aspects of Learning (SEAL), the Carolina Abecedarian Project, and the Milwaukee Projects (p. 17-25). These social and enthusiastic learning programs are utilized in various pieces of the world; especially in the United States of America and in the United Kingdom. Contingent upon where these projects are discovered, they are executed in various structures. In the instances of the Early Training Project, the Carolina Abecedarian Project and the Milwaukee Projects, a ton of the consideration and spotlight is on kids from poor financial families. To be sure, these types of social and passionate learning programs can't be disparaged in at any rate since given any reasonable universal schools framework; there is the probability that not all the kids would be of equivalent financial standing. To be sure, it is consistent with concede that much of the time, understudies from low-class financial homes structure the lion's share in many schools and in this manner adjusting these projects for any model schools would be a positive development. Examination directed on the feasibility and legitimacy of the three projects in particular the Early Training Project, the Carolina Abecedarian Project and the Milwaukee Projects found that despite the fact that the projects didn't assume noteworthy jobs in improving the shrewd remainders of the understudies in question, the understudies profited significantly as far as school and school accomplishment, social abilities and conduct. (p. 17). This is without a doubt an accomplishment that can't be thought little of in any capacity. This is on the grounds that the examination further expressed that combined with inspiration, the social and passionate learning programs did so well in ‘reducing the effect on wrongdoing and improve wellbeing and work prospects† (p. 17). Different types of social and enthusiastic learning programs are similarly practical. These are the individual social and wellbeing training (PSHE) and citizenship instruction. These two projects are normal in England. These two progra

Killing Us Softly Essay

â€Å"Killing Us Softly† is a film we watched in class on ladies and men and how they are depicted in the publicizing scene. Jean Kilbourne is the speaker; she began gathering commercials in the 60’s in light of her contribution with the women’s development, her enthusiasm for the media and through her encounters as a model. I really saw this film as far more enlightening than I originally suspected it would be; I figured it would be about statics and less about the picture of promoting. What sort of promoting condition encompasses us? Here are a few realities that may respond to that question. In the previous 40 years Kilbourne accepts that the promoting picture of ladies has gotten more regrettable. Promoting in the United States had transformed into a billion dollar industry. The normal American will be presented to more than 3,000 day by day and will go through around two years of their life watching ads on TV. Commercials are all over, they are at brandishin g arenas, bulletins, transport stops, and lifts and so forth., we can't get away from them. Publicizing makes a situation one that causes us to accept that we should be solid and lovely. We realize that advertisements sell substantially more than items. They are attempting to sell us esteems, pictures, love and achievement. They are disclosing to us who we are presently, and who we ought to be later on, this is ground-breaking particularly on the off chance that we are as yet finding our way throughout everyday life. There once in a while is a photo of a wonderful lady that has not been photograph shopped somehow. Ladies of shading are viewed as wonderful just on the off chance that they meet the white perfect which is lighter skin tone, straight hair and Caucasian looking highlights. A genuine case of this is the artist Beyoncã ©. In a wide range of promoting women’s bodies are transformed into a â€Å"object†. One territory on the body that promoting organizations center around is the bosoms. There has been an expansion in restorative medical procedures as of late. Ninety-one percent of every single corrective method are done on ladies. The general public that we live in wants to ridicule VIPs who put on a little weight, we are fixated on slenderness. Models are getting more slender and more slender. The pitiful the truth is that in the event that they are not slender enough in a photograph shoot, at that point they are photograph shopped to make them look more slender. A portion of the advertisements we see today empower undesirable perspectives which can prompt dietary issues. Publicists target ladies with weight reduction items. It has been discovered that a considerable lot of these items don't work, with 95% of health food nuts regainingâ the weight back. A fascinating investigation was done among Fijian ladies not long after the TV was acquainted with their nation. The examination found that there was an ascent in dietary issues. The U.S has the most elevated pace of adolescent pregnancies, and explicitly transmitted illnesses in the created world. The sexualization of young ladies has gotten outrageous; ther e are cushioned bras and straps for pre-high schooler young ladies that are sold on retail chains. Advertisements are provided food for heteros. Gay men scarcely exist outside the distributions that target them, and the manner in which they delineate lesbians is in the event that it comes directly from the pornography world. Throughout the years men have been included as being greater, more grounded and more remarkable than ladies. Men truly don’t experience a daily reality such that their bodies are examined, condemned or decided similarly as ladies. Young men are experiencing childhood in reality as we know it where mean are demonstrated to be culprits of viciousness and empowers strength and lack of care. The most risky picture that can be seen is the one that eroticizes viciousness against ladies. These pictures could highlight ladies in servitude, being battered, or most noticeably awful having been killed. Promoting influences all of us whether we understand it or not. It doesn't make a difference on the off chance that we are rich or poor, youthful or old we are on the whole captives to it somehow.

How to Select the Right Project Management Software

How to Select the Right Project Management Software Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!How to Select the Right Project Management SoftwareUpdated On 28/09/2017Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : BusinessShort URL : https://hbb.me/2ftBYLU CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogRunning a business can be quite challenging, more so if your workers or partners are remote. In situations where people cannot report to a physical office, you might need project management software to coordinate your operations. Here are some of the things you need to consider when selecting project management software:1. AccessibilityYour remote workers are likely to carry out their tasks using different platforms. Therefore, your project management solution should be compatible with Mac as well as PC. The mobile version should be accessible on both iOS and Android. In addition, you need to ensure that the mobile version contains the core tools which will allow your workers to carry out tasks on the go.2. CollaborationThe project management system should allow your workers to communicate about tasks and projects through chat or in-app messaging. The messages should appear adjacent to the relevant subjects of discussion. In addition, the software should allow users to attach files and folders from cloud storage to projects. This makes it easier to keep track of information.3. ProjectsThe ideal solution allows you to display all your projects and their current status. At a glance, project managers should be able to keep track of what has been completed and what is next. A good project management solution will also allow you to assign tasks to workers. You should be able to filter the tasks by label, due date etc.4. Integrated accountingLook for project management software that can also manage accounting tasks such as job costing, invoicing, time tracking and estimates. This will save you the cost of buying separate accounting software.5. Client collaborationIf your projec ts involve collaboration with clients, find project management software that that allows you to give outsiders access. The solution should also come with email integration which includes a wide range of email templates and the ability to send as well as track client emails. Some platforms even allow you to integrate email addresses with related social media profiles.READ7 simple steps to write the most impressive personal statement6. CustomizationCustomization is very crucial for most organizations, more so when niche-specific products are involved. Therefore, you need to find project management software that can be configured according to your needs. This could involve modifying workflows, data objects and screens. Project management software such as Tradify comes with customization options for plumbers and other types of trades.7. PriceSome project management software is free to use, though with very limited capability. If you want more features, you will have to go for premium so ftware. Hosted onsite solutions are usually more expensive since they involve licenses, servers, terminals, software upgrades and ongoing maintenance. The best option for small businesses is web based or SaaS solutions which only require a minimal recurring fee.8. SecurityThe security of your data should be a major consideration when choosing project management software. You can lower your risks significantly by using an onsite project management solution. This will allow you to limit the number of people that can access your servers, thus lowering your risks. SaaS solutions might be cheaper, but are more risky since the data is stored by a third party.9. TrialAs a general rule of thumb, you should never purchase any software without trying it out first. It is not enough to read about the features and look at reviews from other customers. You need to actually try it out to determine if it would be a good fit for your business. Therefore, be sure to choose project management software that comes with a free trial period.

How X-Ray Astronomy Works

The Belief Of Evil And The Existence Of God - 1780 Words

One of the main topic in the philosophy of religion is the discussion between theists and skeptics on the existence of God. Atheists say that there is a logical inconsistency between the existence of evil and the existence of God. However, theists believe that the mere existence of evil is not sufficient enough to completely dismiss the possibility of a morally perfect being existing This paper will discuss the logical inconsistencies between God and the â€Å"problem of evil† as well as the theist s response to this argument through the free-will defense. In response, the atheist will address the problems evil that the free-will defense did not address, like natural evils. an argument that the thiests will attempt to dismiss using the â€Å"expanded free-will defense† which touches on humans primordial estrangement from God. Nonetheless, I feel the theist s response fails to defend the existence of God because it does not fully address gratuitous evils or suffering fro m nonhuman beings. Both classical theists and atheists agree that for God to be a God, he must be omnipotent, meaning that God is powerful enough that he can do anything logically possible in the universe, omniscient, God know the truth of all propositions past, present, and future, and omnibenevolent, God must be perfectly good and moral at all times. According to Peter Van Inwagen, the author of â€Å"The Problem of Evil,† God’s moral perfection and omnipotence are considered â€Å"nonnegotiable,† this means that a GodShow MoreRelatedThe Existence Of God : Evil1293 Words   |  6 Pages The Existence of God Throughout the years as the human species keeps learning about the world we live in, we are finding out that we are surrounded everywhere by evil. This seems to conflict with the belief of theism, one who believes in a God or Gods, especially a personal God who’s in control of the world. If there was an all-omnipotent, all-omniscient, and all-benevolent God, then he should have consummate knowledge that there’s evil in the world. Given that, if heRead MoreThe Existence Of God. Throughout The Years As Human Beings1201 Words   |  5 PagesThe Existence of God Throughout the years as human beings keep learning about the world we are finding out that we are living in a world where evil surrounds us. This belief conflicts with the beliefs of theism, one who believes in a God or Gods, especially a personal God who’s in control of the world. If there was an all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-good God, then he should have the knowledge that there’s evil in the world, he should have the benevolence to want to stop the evil, and he shouldRead MoreThe Existence Of God : Evil1297 Words   |  6 PagesThe Existence of God Throughout the years as the human species keeps learning about the world we live in, we are finding out that we are surrounded everywhere by evil. This seems to conflict with the belief of theism, one who believes in a God or Gods, especially a personal God who’s in control of the world. If there was an all-omnipotent, all-omniscient, and all-benevolent God, then he should have consummate knowledge that there’s evil in the world. Given that, if he knows there’s corruptionRead MoreEssay about Descartes First Meditation924 Words   |  4 Pagesconsiders his basic beliefs. Descartes believes this to be an intricate part of his complete epistemological argument. Descartes skeptical arguments are not intended to be a denial of his basic beliefs. On the contrary, he uses these arguments to help prove one of his main theses, which is the existence of God. One of the main premises that Descartes uses in his proof for the existence of God comes from the evil demo n argument, which he proposed, in the first meditation. It is this evil demon argumentRead MoreMccloskey Responses1660 Words   |  7 PagesJ. McCloskey gets most of his strong statements against the belief by asking the atheist to provide sufficient proof that God exists. However, McCloskey is not the only person who is unsure and asks questions God’s existence based on personal beliefs or influence. From the beginning many people have had questions about God and his existence. He wrote numerous books on atheism between 1960 and 1980 including the famous book, God and Evil. This paper evaluates the credibility of McCloskey’s articleRead MoreEvil And The Existence Of Evil Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesEvil and miracles, can they both exist in our modern everyday life? Evil s existence has no doubt to be present due to all the horrors we have heard about or witnessed. While as for miracles, the existence is constantly questioned if they exist and what classifies a s a true miracle. These concepts battle with theism and cause a great uproar to the existence of a powerful, omnipotent, and omniscient being. The definition of evil is the absence of good while the definition of a miracle is an unexpectedRead MoreThe Question Of God s Existence1575 Words   |  7 PagesSusana Stewart Instructor: Dr. Michael McDowell Course: PHIL 201 Date: 12/13/2015 INTRODUCTION The question of God’s existence has been challenged by many philosophers and non-philosophers alike over the years. If I am honest with myself, during many hard times I have questioned Gods existence myself. Arguments that have been used to support the existence of a divine being includes; the cosmological argument and the theological argument. However, there are some who oppose these arguments and philosopherRead MorePhilosophy And Philosophy Of Religion Essay1681 Words   |  7 Pagesquestions regarding the religion, the nature and the existence of god and also the religious vocabulary and texts followed by the people. The religious philosophy and philosophy of religion are very different from each other, in philosophy of religion we discuss the questions regarding the nature of religion as a whole rather than seeking the problems brought by a particular religious system. In philosophy of religion we discuss the question like IS THERE A GOD?. but this is not the only question we focusRead MoreThe Biblical Cosmogony Is Based On The Provisions Of Genesis1282 Words   |  6 PagesBiblical cosmogony is based on the provisions of Genesis chapter one. The basis of this myth is the fact that the universe and all its constituents are creations of a supreme being, in this case called God. The myth clashes with scientific views such as evolution theories because it suggests that God created everything by word of mouth and the work of his hands. The religious creation theory is the foundation of major spiritual convictions, which include Christianity, Judaic and Islam (Blumenthal 1)Read MoreThe Existence Of Evil By Blackburn Theory1264 Words   |  6 Pages In Blackburn theory I am going to argue that his theory the existence of evil strongly suggests that there does not exist a God who is all-good, all-knowing and all-powerful to be false. In my argumen t I will try to present facts that show the existence of God and why there is evil. Exposition: 313 In Blackburn’s argument he basically mentions that because there is evil in the world there is no existence of a present creator. It is impossible to see the suffering that’s going

The Effects Of Hazing On High School Athletics - 1225 Words

While being part of a sports team during your high school tenure is the most meaningful aspect to a student-athlete time there, identically in the same fashion hazing is often considered one of the most significant hidden problem. Sometimes it can be looked on as kids being kids but when a negative effect formed by overseers, it alters the perception of the situation. Hazing has been the essential point of concerns when it comes to school tradition or even harmless fun within the programs. Challenging the importance of these involvements, poses as a risk of physical and mental harm for many individuals. The explanations obtained information from the articles that provided an understanding of what is at stake when these circumstances keep†¦show more content†¦In addition the larger schools are often seen as a place where the students can be overlooked and even engaged in more freedom to act in violent ways. This allows the understanding that â€Å"these conditions are hypoth esized to create a disorganized and devalued and teachers are less able to monitor and supervise their students† (Klein, 1). A larger school environment showcases the behaviors that are essential to the disobedience that occurs when circumstances such as bullying and hazing are involved. ON the contrary the smaller schools have the ability to have a more secure capabilities to manage the misbehaviors because of the size being less significant. Smaller schools â€Å"are regarded as more orderly environments where students feel better supported, safer, and more willing to comply with school rules† (Klein, 1). The closely knitted community feel of a small school is what ensures that the size of the school does matter, however being at a bigger school provides emotions that seem distant and aggressively contrasting of the smaller schools. The main perspectives are explained throughout the emphasis of the cultures of the larger school being about effectiveness and the smalle r about supportiveness. For example, larger schools are compared to urban low-income populations which raises the occurrence of the issues at hand. While smaller schools are usually in suburban areas or even private schools that are middle to high class income. The article states that â€Å"higher

Soliloquy Desdemona free essay sample

What is going on? Why did Othello act in such a way? How could Othello do this? I love him! Does he not know that? I thought we were merry? What happened? Why isnt Othello telling me whats wronged him? I thought we were lovers; Him and l. Dont lovers confide in one other? [Sobs] Why did Othello hit me as he did? My dear sweet moor; Vive always loved you and always will! Please talk to me my lord and tell me what has gotten you upset. What thing ere has brought up this quake of anger so strong as to burn all who sheet? What did I do wrong? [Falls to ground] Waste me Oh Othello who brought this about? Whilst you ever speak a Joyful sound to me again; whilst you ever look me in the eye with the same love and Joy I saw fort night? Why cant my sweet as pomegranates Othello be back? What whilst this bring for our days tomorrow? Wills be over? Did I really do something that bad; so menacing that he would feel it right to strike me? And in front of Ladylove no less. We will write a custom essay sample on Soliloquy Desdemona or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Is he sorry at all; for embarrassing me so? For I am soon to crawl under a rock then go be near them again. Husbands are not supposed to do such things to their wifes, yes? And what could a wife as myself do so bad to bring this hatred about; to see such a strong eternal fire burning in his onyx eyes; such eyes that burn such passion into my own? [Looks out window] For what brought this about? What will come about now? Should I confront thee and get to the bottom of this seemingly endless pit? No; not ere at this hour. I must talk to his ancient; for they are close yes? Yes! Thats what Ill do. Master Ago will solve this riddle and fill in the empty pieces. [Exeunt]

MGMT 2110 Organizational Behavior Essay Example

MGMT 2110: Organizational Behavior Essay 57. pdf downloaded by ytwongaJ from http:// at 2013-12-09 08:39:27. Academic use within HKUST only. MGMT 2110: Organizational Behavior Fall 2011 Dr. PrithviraJ Chattopadhyay EXAM II sample Instructions For the multiple choice questions, choose the one BEST answer and mark it on the bubble sheet with a PENCIL. Write the color (White) of your exam paper on the top right hand corner of your bubble sheet. For the essay questions, write your answer on the exam paper itself. No extra paper will be provided. You must hand in BOTH the bubble sheet and the exam when you are done. No re- entrance once you leave the exam hall. You have 1 hour and 30 minutes to complete the exam. Complete the following information before you hand in your exam: I have neither given nor received aid during this exam. Signature Print Your Name Student ID number For use by the Examiners Part I( part II QI part II Q2 Total Part l: Multiple Choice Questions (1. 5 points each answers on the last page) 1 . Which of the following best describes how emotions influence the problem identification process? A: Emotions have no effect on how people identify problems. B: The emotional brain center classifies incoming perceptual information as bad or ood, which then influences the rational brain centers evaluation about whether that situation is a problem. C: Emotions mainly determine signal us to follow either a programmed or nonprogrammed decision process. D: If the rational brain center determines that the situation is a problem, it transmits this evaluation to the emotional center, which then energizes the decision maker to act without choosing alternatives. E: Emotions ensure that we rely on the rationality and avoid intuition in the decision making process. . Which of the following is a potential problem when evaluating and choosing alternatives in decision making? A: Limited information processing B: Implicit favorite C: Satisficing D: All of the above E: only A and C 3. The Director of Nursing is looking for a new work schedule for nurses throughout the hospital. She evaluates a schedule system as soon as she learns about it. Eventually, sh e finds a schedule that is good enough for her needs, even though there may be better schedules available that she hasnt yet learned about. We will write a custom essay sample on MGMT 2110: Organizational Behavior specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on MGMT 2110: Organizational Behavior specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on MGMT 2110: Organizational Behavior specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Director of Nursing is engaging in: A: c: escalation of commitment. perceptual defense. satisficing. post-decisional Justification. none of the above. 4. Which of the following questions is NOT explicitly considered in the contingencies of employee involvement? D: Do subordinates need to develop their decision-making skills? Is conflict among subordinates over preferred solutions likely? Is the problem unique? How important is subordinate commitment to the decision? Do subordinates have sufficient information to make a high-quality decision? 5. Which of the following statements about teams and groups is FALSE? A: Some teams may not have any norms. Team members do not need to be friends. Team members are interdependent with one another to some degree. All members f a work group have some degree of influence in the team. A team always requires a purpose. 6. How do norms affect the behavior of team members? Norms encourage members to try new behaviors not previously sanctioned by the team. Norms represent the glue or esprit de corps that holds the team together. Norms help the team regulate and guide the behaviors of its members. Norms help the team move from the forming to storming stages of team development. Norms apply to the attitudes and beliefs, not the behaviors, of team members. 7. As team leader, you discover that a competitor is about to develop a similar roduct that your group is currently developing. Your teams success (developing a better product sooner) is still possible, but will be challenging. What is most likely to happen if you tell your team members about this external threat? The team would become more cohesive. The team would try its best to introduce dysfunctional norms. The team would move quickly to the adjourning stage of team development. Individual team members would become more productive through social loafing. All of the above. 8. In team dynamics, process losses are best described as: information about team processes that are lost when team members need to make riends. information about team processes lost due to imperfect communication between two members. knowledge lost when a team member leaves the organization. team resources expended towards team development and maintenance. none of the above. 9. A financial institution wants to create online communities whereby employees can quickly receive information about a specific current question or topic from colleagues throughout the organization. Which of the following communication media would likely work best in this situation? A: company newsletter Instant messaging E-mail Weekly interest group meetings Interdepartmental mail 10. Safety representatives in each of the six plants of a manufacturing company need to communicate to each other every week the number and type of health and safety incidents in their plant. Each representative has a safety reporting document where he or she checks off the type and number of infractions during the previous week. These incidents are well known to other representatives; there are rarely any surprises. This weekly communication calls for: high media richness. high emotional contagion. mostly nonverbal communication. face-to-face meetings. elatively low media richness. 2 1 1 . Japanese culture tends to value silence in communication because: A: it clearly symbolizes that the listener disagrees without actually saying so. t symbolizes respect. it indicates that the listener is thoughtfully contemplating what has Just been said. of all of the above. of B and C. 12. Active listeners improve their evaluating activities by: A: organizing information. showing interest. clarifying the message. interrupting when they disagree with the speaker. doing all of the above. 13. Which of the following statements about power is FALSE? A: Each type of power may be linked to m ore than one influence tactic B: Power requires interdependence in the relationship. C: Power is the capacity to influence, rather than the actual practice of influencing others. D: Power exists only when one person has something of value for a second person, but the second person has nothing of value for the first person. E: People sometimes gain power by convincing others that they have something of value for them. 14. Until recently, a large sales organization gave supervisors all key information for further distribution to their employees. But with the introduction of a company intranet and other information technologies, this information is now mostly available directly to employees. By distributing corporate information directly to employees rather than through their supervisors, the company has: A: increased the legitimate power of supervisors. decreased the information based power of supervisors. increased the centrality of supervisors. decreased the companys ability to cope with uncertainty. increased the expert power of supervisors. 15. Which of the following would potentially increase someones power through non- substitutability? A: Avoiding documenting unique knowledge about organizational processes. Increasing the number of people affected by your work. Increasing the amount of autonomy granted to you to accomplish your work. Using Impresslon management strategies to Increase your popularlty wltn colleagues of the above. 3 . None 16. Which of the following is an example of the influence tactic of controlling information? A: A new executive immediately posts his diplomas and awards on the office wall for others to see. B: To demonstrate that cost overrun errors arent due to production employees, the production manager privately shows senior executives xamples of how the marketing manager makes mistakes on orders. C: The vice- president of marketing deliberately places an issue that she dislikes near the bottom of next meetings agenda (rather than near the top) so there is less chance the meeting will have time to address that issue. D: To increase the chances of promotion to a more senior Job in the company, an employee exaggerates to management about his role on the executive of a non-profit group. E: Airline employees threaten to go on strike Just a few weeks before the company begins its busiest season and most profitable part of the year. 17. Recent leadership writing suggests that emotional intelligence: is the only trait that distinguishes effective from ineffective leaders. is an important characteristic of effective leaders. is less important than early writing on leadership traits had assumed. is unrelated to effective leadership. is currently unimportant, but will become an important leadership trait as the workforce ages and Jobs become less production-oriented. 18. According to research, which of these was lower among employees who work for supervisors with low levels of task-oriented leadership? Absenteeism orlevances Turnover Job dissatisfaction Job performance 19. Which leadership style in path-goal theory is most closely associated with goal setting and positive self-fulfilling prophecy? Directive Supportive Participative Achievement-oriented None of the above 20. Which of the following statements about the leadership substitutes model is FALSE? A: Some situational conditions substitute for task-oriented or people-oriented leadership styles. Some leadership substitutes are incorporated into the path-goal leadership theory. Leadership substitutes neutralize or replace transformational rather than transactional leadership. Leadership substitutes include characteristics of the employee, task or organization that either limit the leaders influence or make it unnecessary. E: Leadership substitutes take a contingency-oriented view of leadership. 4 Part II: Essay Questions (35 points each please answer two of the three following questions). 1. Teams are becoming more critical in todays increasingly competitive business world. Answer this set of questions based on course concepts on team dynamics. Ratner tnan relying on aeslgn engineers alone to aeslgn new products, tn San Remo Resources wants to form teams of people from several departments to evelop more creative products. These teams will consist of design engineers, manufacturing engineers, marketing staff and purchasing staff. San Remos CEO believes that these teams will develop more creative products than design engineers did when working alone. Identify three potential constraints that might interfere with the CEOs expected benefits of team-based decision making and creativity (20 points). Your answers may consider the following ideas: Time constraints. Teams take longer than individuals to make decisions. Unlike individuals, teams require extra time to organize, coordinate and socialize. The larger he group, the more time required to make a decision. Team members need time to learn about each other and build rapport as well as to manage an imperfect communication process so that there is sufficient understanding of each others ideas. They also need to coordinate roles and rules within the decision process. Evaluation apprehension. Individuals are reluctant to mention ideas that seem silly because they believe (often correctly) that other team members are silently evaluating them. This is most common in meetings attended by people with different levels of status or expertise or when members formally evaluate each others erformance throughout the year (as in 360-degree feedback). Evaluation apprehension is a problem when the group wants to generate creative ideas, because these thoughts often sound bizarre or lack logic when presented. Unfortunately, many potentially valuable ideas are never presented to the group because creative thoughts initially seem ridiculous and a waste of time. Pressure to conform. Conformity causes team members to suppress their dissenting opinions about discussion issues, particularly when a strong team norm is related to the issue. When someone does state a point of view that violates the majority pinion, other members might punish the violator or try to persuade him or her that the opinion is incorrect. Groupthink. This is the tendency of highly cohesive groups to value consensus at the price of decision quality. There are strong social pressures on individual members to maintain harmony by avoiding conflict and disagreement. They suppress doubts about decision alternatives preferred by the majority or group leader. Team members want to maintain this harmony because their selfldentity is enhanced by membership in a powerful decision-making body that speaks with one voice. High cohesiveness isnt the only cause of groupthink. It is also more likely to occur when the team is isolated from outsiders, the team leader is opinionated (rather than remaining impartial), the team is under stress due to an external threat, the team has experienced recent failures or other decision-making problems, and the team lacks clear guidance from corporate policies or procedures. . Due to a corporate restructuring, three of the six employees who work on your corporate investment team have been transferred to other teams and three new recruits to the organization will be assigned 5 I †4eulA_6Y1 5/. p0T aownloaaea Dy ytwongaJ Trom nttpw to your team as replacements. Although the three new hires are experienced from other o rganizations, they are new to your organization and your team. Consequently, your team will pass through most stages of team development again. Describe any three (3) stages of team development that your team will probably experience after the new recruits Join the team and provide an example of specific events that might occur in these stages (1 5 points). Any three of the first four stages of team development would be appropriate the answer below does not include the examples. Forming. During this first stage, both new and current members learn about each ther while the new members receive an orientation about what is expected of them on the team. The new members are probably on their best behavior and look for rules to follow. Current members might be on their guard somewhat, but engage in less information gathering and image management than the recruits. Storming. During this second stage, the new recruits start to assert their preferences more. They might suggest changes to existing practices (based on their experiences elsewhere). They also try to take on preferred informal roles. The existing team members may experience some conflict with the recruits as they try to defend xisting norms, role assignments and work practices. Depending on the aggressiveness of the recruits and the responsiveness of current members, this could be a difficult stage for the team to pass through. This is particularly because the new recruits have previous experience from other organizations. Norming. This third stage occurs when recruits and current team members alike have formed common mental models regarding the teams objectives and work processes. Task interdependence occurs more smoothly with less negotiation of behaviors required. This does not necessarily mean that new recruits have adjusted to the current ractices. It is possible that recruits have adjusted the mental model by convincing current members to change in some way. Performing. In this fourth stage, the team becomes more task oriented and devotes less attention to team maintenance. Coordination is smooth and efficient and there is strong cooperation among team members. At this stage, there would be few differences between the new recruits and more senior team members. 2. Good communication is essential to any groups or organizations effectiveness. Answer this question based on course concepts on communication. 6

Free Essays on Self

Who am I? What am I? Where am I going? These questions have baffled the minds of humankind for centuries, since man was able to evolve a concept of self and consider his own nature. Man has come a long way since that day, but has no further answers in the quest for "Self-Concept". Who we are is, and always will be a reflection of different yet individual societies and environments in which we live. The roles we play in our specific societies give us a place of belonging and self. The self as an entity exists on two levels: mental and physical. Diverse environments and habitats are what give us our individuality and our ideas of self. What I mean is; would I be the same person I am now if I was born and raised in say, Saudi Arabia? Is my view of my self the same as my ideal self? I am tall; thin have short hair, fairly goal oriented. Is this how I perceived myself ten years ago. Am I the same person I was ten years ago? I am and I'm not. I am still in the same body, only bigger and still have most of the same interests and viewpoints on things, but I'm also different. I have expanded my knowledge, and elaborated on some and changed some views I once had. I was born in Canada and raised with the social norms and values of that of a Christian as opposed to that of a Muslim. I have never experienced war or lived in a society controlled by a Monarchy. My entire lifestyle would be different. My upbringing would be different. All my experiences would be different. My idea of norm and thoughts on gender, race and religion w! ould be differed. I would have different goals and heroes and activities for enjoyment. I would be a completely different person than I am now, due to the fact that I was raised in an entirely different culture than my own. My idea of self would contain altered aspects than now. As of now, I live and have always lived in a free, peaceful society. The role I hold in my specific society makes me who I am and gives me a pla... Free Essays on Self Free Essays on Self Who am I? What am I? Where am I going? These questions have baffled the minds of humankind for centuries, since man was able to evolve a concept of self and consider his own nature. Man has come a long way since that day, but has no further answers in the quest for "Self-Concept". Who we are is, and always will be a reflection of different yet individual societies and environments in which we live. The roles we play in our specific societies give us a place of belonging and self. The self as an entity exists on two levels: mental and physical. Diverse environments and habitats are what give us our individuality and our ideas of self. What I mean is; would I be the same person I am now if I was born and raised in say, Saudi Arabia? Is my view of my self the same as my ideal self? I am tall; thin have short hair, fairly goal oriented. Is this how I perceived myself ten years ago. Am I the same person I was ten years ago? I am and I'm not. I am still in the same body, only bigger and still have most of the same interests and viewpoints on things, but I'm also different. I have expanded my knowledge, and elaborated on some and changed some views I once had. I was born in Canada and raised with the social norms and values of that of a Christian as opposed to that of a Muslim. I have never experienced war or lived in a society controlled by a Monarchy. My entire lifestyle would be different. My upbringing would be different. All my experiences would be different. My idea of norm and thoughts on gender, race and religion w! ould be differed. I would have different goals and heroes and activities for enjoyment. I would be a completely different person than I am now, due to the fact that I was raised in an entirely different culture than my own. My idea of self would contain altered aspects than now. As of now, I live and have always lived in a free, peaceful society. The role I hold in my specific society makes me who I am and gives me a pla...

Maternal & paediatric care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Maternal & paediatric care - Essay Example Rheumatic fever is an infection that can be compared to an inflammatory disease. It is said to develop two or three weeks after a group A Streptococcal infection. This type of infection is referred to through a scarlet fever or a strep throat.The basis of this kind of infection is found in cross reactivity that is created through a conflict between antibodies. Such an infection can affect various parts of the body. This includes the heart, joints, skin and brain (Robbins Basic Pathology). An acute version of rheumatic fever is said to appear in children who fall between the ages of five and fifteen. Adults are inflicted at a lesser degree with this fever. 20% of adults are thought to be affected by a first time attack of this disease. The results of this disease are said to leave a life long mark on the patient (American Heart Association). There are not many differences between a rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. While rheumatic fever can be caused by an inflammation, the heart disease caused by this kind of fever is known as rheumatic heart disease. The damage done by this infection to the heart is a direct result of the fever itself. Any patient who has suffered from this kind of fever is more susceptible to suffering from the heart damage which follows. This is the reason why patients who have undergone this kind of fever are given a monthly dose of antibiotics for the rest of their life. Any problems caused to the heart by the fever can lead to an increased risk to the heart and further complications such as infective endocarditic. Rheumatic heart disease leads to a clogging of the heart valves. Thus, rheumatic heart disease is a direct cause of the fever in itself and has the same symptoms and cure. There are many symptoms to a rheumatic fever. They are usually preceded by a strep throat that is responsible for causing the inflammation as mentioned previously which can later develop into a fever, chest pain and skin rashes. There are several ways to cure this type of a fever. It can be done with by reducing the inflammation in itself. This can be done using several ways. Anti inflammatory medicine likes aspirin or corticosteroids to help reduce the infection. If this medicine is not taken then the patient can suffer from acute rheumatic fever. Antibiotics can also be taken to cure the strep throat. Later in life, a recurring fever can be prevented by eradicating the infection with the use of antibiotics. Dehydration Dehydration is not a disease or illness. It is caused by an excessive loss of water in the body (MedicineNet). Another term for it is hypohydration where water is removed from an object. Because the water in the human body is responsible for possessing so many solutes a loss can lead to severe deficiencies. Thus, while the body losses its water it is coupled with the loss of important solutes needed by the body as well. Dehydration can be caused by a variety of reasons. These states or diseases can lead to the body's inability to impair water. The first of this can be blamed on external causes. Physical activity which can lead to sweating without the consumption of adequate water can cause this problem. Another is the exposure to humid weather which can lead an individual to lose water in an atmosphere of dry air. Along with this the individual's health can also affect their levels of hydration. These include vomiting, diarrhea or hyperthermia, any of which can cause a severe loss of water in the body. Infectious diseases can also be held responsible for dehydration: such as cholera, gastroenteritis or yellow fever. Another reason for dehydration is malnutrition which can lead to an individual receiving a reduced amount of water required for the body. The symptoms of dehydration can be easily discovered depending on the degree it has reached in the body. A mild dehydration can lead to

Disney Company Overview Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Disney Company Overview - Research Paper Example The research paper "Disney Company Overview" talks about a great success of Walt Disney and how they accomplished to stay a leader in their field for such a long time. While it is a fact that it has come to face many rivals in the past few years, Disney remains the leading conglomerate of its kind in the world with the highest revenues when compared to its rivals. Disney, because of the need to retain its top position in the industry, has worked towards ensuring that it gives free rein to its employees so that they can be able to develop better ideas without interference from management. For this to happen, however, this company has created an environment where its employees feel at home to ensure that there is a constant increase in their creative output, without which the company would not survive long in the market. The comfortable working environment which has been developed for its employees has made it possible for this company to attract the best talent in the industry to work within its ranks. Disney has followed the path of other companies in the industry by allowing itself to be influenced by the impersonal nature of the working environment. It has been realized that the development of such environment more often than not leads to the stifling of the initiative among employees. Disney has chosen to retain an environment where its employees are provided with the best opportunity to work as well as to be innovative. It has developed a cross-cultural environment within which its employees can work.

Policing themselves Essay Example for Free

Policing themselves Essay In The Handmaids Tale education is highly restricted, defined by law not to allow the reading of text, therefore diminishing the progression of society on an intellectual level. The former university which once represented freedom and learning now represents regimental order. A distinct absence of education is found as the aim is to repress through the enforcement of ignorance; as Althusser would claim this is a clear ISA, education is used to direct and manipulate the handmaids. The Bible is the only form of legal reading material and the only persons allowed to access The Bible are the commanders we can be read to from it, by him, but we cannot read: this allows them to manipulate the text to suit their needs. Give me children, or else I die. The careful selection and manipulation of material is used to try to promote procreation. The use of religious text from The Bible can be seen as the regimes way of legitimising their actions. Offred realises that the next generation of Handmaids will be more docile because they will have no memories of other possibilities. The stark contrast between Offred the librarian and Offred the Handmaid is used to emphasise how repression has been enforced through the use of literary freedom. Language too is subtly used with links to the old testament the Angels and Eyes are respectively derived from the Guardian Angels and Eyes of the Lord; this subtle insertion of biblical references helps to create the overall feeling of containment; a sharp contrast with the lack of intellectual and educational language which is deliberately removed. In both novels education is a restrictive force however, in Hard Times education takes on a different form of repression. Hard Times uses education as an enforcing presence children are brought into education from an early age, facts, facts and more facts are driven into the mindset of all, therefore firmly placing them within the machine of capitalism. Bitzer is the example of this as he becomes trapped within the system. This shows the strength of education as an ISA; by being embodied in education he knows nothing of life and how to succeed without facts, he knows of no way out of the system imposed upon him by those in power. He himself says, We are so constituted. I was brought up in this catechism when I was very young, sir, as you are aware. Here Bitzer points out that the system of education prevents any way out, distilling the human instincts of capital gain. In comparison this sense of having no way out from repression is shown by the image clusters in the language of Atwoods novel (hands/feet/faces/eyes/blood/wombs) this language works in opposition to the polluted biblical manipulation of the regime and shows the only way out for Offred is through her imagination. Imagination has been removed from Bitzer in Hard Times through education; he has been depersonalised in a way which is also very evident within Atwoods novel through RSAs. Depersonalisation is enforced by the state in The Handmaids Tale with the uniform that the Handmaids are forced to wear the uniform represses sexuality and sensuality. The skirt is ankle length, the breasts a flat yoke. The similitude of the uniform eradicates individualism to the extent that Offred begins to consider herself as we: Shes like my own reflectionfrom which I am moving away. This implication that she is losing touch with her identity by moving away highlights the success of this repressive force. The uniforms worn can be associated with uniforms of armies and law-enforcers such as the police. In this way it can be interpreted that by wearing set uniforms the handmaids are policing themselves. As Dickens uses his novel to strengthen the theory of Benthamism Atwood too uses techniques like the manipulation of uniforms to make a social statement. Living through the 1960s/70s Atwood witnessed the liberation of women in the U.S. and the wider civil rights movements around the globe such as racial equality. The uniforms are just one example of how Atwood is showing the dangers of pursuing a regime of unfair liberation. We can see the success of the uniforms as a repressive force through the change in Offreds nature when I take my clothes off. Only when the uniform is removed at night does Offred seem to escape from the regime imposed upon her; the night is mine shows how she feels about night, her only chance to feel free without a loss of identity. A similar lack of identity is shown in Hard Times through the use of colour. The colours of the town are black and red due to industrial smog. Dickens compares this assimilation of the natural colour of brick with the painted face of a savage, implying that like a savage industrialisation is cruel, barbaric and uncultured. This image of casing nature runs throughout the novel through the use of colour symbolisation. Dickens associated richness of colour with the preservation of life and individuality; neither black nor white are considered as colours therefore Coketown dismisses the idea of individuality by containing people within strict structures like the structural presence of Atwoods uniforms. Utilitarianism has robbed the town of the ability to speak; public inscriptions which are used to voice the needs of the people are black and white therefore they are devoid of any identity; they lack the capacity to provoke change. Colour is used to an extent in The Handmaids Tale to highlight repression women appear to wear set colours, the Handmaids red, the wives blue. I never looked good in redthe colour of blood, defines us. Offred highlights that they are defined and restricted by colour, they are there for a purpose; reproduction. The sarcastic tone represents an attempt to use humour to redress repression. The colour red links also to blood; several links are made to blood, most notably is the blood from the unknown people hung from the wall red is a constant reminder of where their fate could lie. Colour is used to dismiss individuality, yet it is much bolder in Atwoods novel through the images of blood. People are part of the production line, with no lawful means of expressing needs. Stephen Blackpool is used by Dickens as an example of a worker trapped within his class through the laws and structures of society: wishing for divorce he says I mun be ridden o her. As Bounderby highlights, money is the decisive factor: in this capitalist society everything is bound by wealth. There is such a lawbut its not for you at allyoud have to get an act of Parliament. For the working class there is no way of expressing their views, they do not have the power to use the system to their benefit, therefore they remain stuck within their repressed class. In my opinion Dickens highlights this so clearly as he is trying to make a political statement socialism was developing through the mid 19th Century and was popular amongst Dickens target audience, the middle class intellectuals. The novel acts as a political devise for issues of the time. Acts of individualism within this class is likewise repressed. Blackpools decision to abstain from the union leaves him a man on whom unequal laws have fallen heavy; he is compared with Judas Iscariot by his own class showing how individualism is repressed from all levels. The extremity of Blackpools act of abstention is shown by his banishment and need to change his name to acquire work. This brutal act of banishment hangs over the Handmaids too.

Epic of Beowulf :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

The poem begins with a brief genealogy of the Danes. Scyld Shefing was the first great king of the Danes, known for his ability to conquer enemies. Scyld becomes the great-grandfather of Hrothgar, the king of the Danes during the events of Beowulf. Hrothgar, like his ancestors before him, is a good king, and he wishes to celebrate his reign by building a grand hall called Heorot. Once the hall is finished, Hrothgar holds a large feast. The revelry attracts the attentions of the monster Grendel, who decides to attack during the night. In the morning, Hrothgar and his thanes discover the bloodshed and mourn the lost warriors. This begins Grendel's assault upon the Danes. Twelve years pass. Eventually the news of Grendel's aggression on the Danes reaches the Geats, another tribe. A Geat thane, Beowulf, decides to help the Danes; he sails to the land of the Danes with his best warriors. Upon their arrival, Hrothgar's thane Wulfgar judges the Geats worthy enough to speak with Hrothgar. Hrothgar remembers when he helped Beowulf's father Ecgtheow settle a feud; thus, he welcomes Beowulf's help gladly. Heorot is filled once again for a large feast in honor of Beowulf. During the feast, a thane named Unferth tries to get into a boasting match with Beowulf by accusing him of losing a swimming contest. Beowulf tells the story of his heroic victory in the contest, and the company celebrates his courage. During the height of the celebration, the Danish queen Wealhtheow comes forth, bearing the mead-cup. She presents it first to Hrothgar, then to the rest of the hall, and finally to Beowulf. As he receives the cup, Beowulf tells Wealhtheow that he will kill Grendel or be killed in Heorot. This simple declaration moves Wealhtheow and the Danes, and the revelry continues. Finally, everyone retires. Before he leaves, Hrothgar promises to give Beowulf everything if he can defeat Grendel. Beowulf says that he will leave God to judge the outcome. He and his thanes sleep in the hall as they wait for Grendel. Eventually Grendel arrives at Heorot as usual, hungry for flesh. Beowulf watches carefully as Grendel eats one of his men. When Grendel reaches for Beowulf, Beowulf grabs Grendel's arm and doesn't let go. Grendel writhes about in pain as Beowulf grips him. He thrashes about, causing the hall to nearly collapse. Soon Grendel tears away, leaving his arm in Beowulf's grasp.

Develop Teams Individual

This report will look at identifying and implement learning and development needs for an automotive service workshop. It will look at developing a learning and development plan, elaborating a strategy to encourage staff to self evaluate performance, assessing performance, providing feedback and managing follow up.It will use Richard Parser's Automotive Service Team workshop as a case study to help understand the problems of managing people learning needs and performance implementing. Background Richard Parker has been in business for three years, in Preston, Melbourne. Richard employs eight full-time and two part-time staff. Four of the full-timers work in the workshop and two in in the back office and two in the front office dealing with customers. Richard has noticed that the front office staff and their customer service are not up to the expected level. For example customers don't get the service that they require or the product they order.Richard complains of staff not showing up for work at the right time and so on. Richard has also faced some issues with the local council over solid and liquid waste disposal. The back end office staff often confronts the mechanics when they order spare parts for the services to be carried out. The back office staff always complain of issues with suppliers. Suppliers complain of the ambiguous ordering process of the back staff. Richard finds some irregularity in his teams in terms of application of skills and knowledge. He believes that it is the right time for him to take the right actions to turn the business into the right direction.That's why he decides to identify and implement learning and development needs for is staff. Report AAA . Recommended learning method is a Training Needs Analysis (TAN) Richard could identify his team learning needs using a systematic approach and going through four steps of analysis: 1. Analysis of the competencies that each employee must have to improve the business flow. 2. Analysis of th e organization requirements to focus where is the learning and development need located. 3. Task analysis to establish what individuals and teams must learn in order to satisfy the required learning and development need. . Team analysis to determine which employee needs a learning program. To conduct this analysis Richard will need to: now his company situation, ; identify required competencies of his team, ; involve employees in decision making, survey, discuss and analyses actual data, prepare specific employee development plans, implement the plans. Before to designing the training program, it will be very important that Richard conduct a SOOT analysis, to identify his team Strengths and Weakness points; and his business Opportunities and Threats.To fill the gap between the Job requirements and current abilities of his employees, Richard has to conduct a training needs analysis, making sure that it's targeted to a specific need and satisfies training acquirement. The training nee ds will be the result of collecting information on the skills, knowledge and attitude required to perform a Job task, identifying the training need and performance gap. When designing the learning needs analysis, Richards aim is to: ; assess the current situation. Define the problem (what gaps exist? ). Determine if there is a need for training/learning. Determine what is driving this need for training/learning. ; evaluate existing training. Assess the possible learning solutions. Ascertain information about logistical considerations/constraint. The Training Needs Analysis will provide the following benefits: ; A clear indication of what needs to be included in a training program. ; Assists in developing learning outcomes (by identifying precisely what needs to be learnt). ; Clarifies areas for assessment. O Provides guidance on development, delivery, presentation methods and media to be used. Provides knowledge of the target audience, training gaps and proposed content. ; Will allo w specific evaluation to ascertain its success. AAA. Learning and Development Plan. Name: Paul smith Date: 25. 02. 2014 Job position: Front office, customer service. Learning improvements goals Dealing with customers Communication with the staff Being at work on time Learning outcomes Delivering effective customer service Team working Effective internal communication Respect of workplace rules and workflow Strategies / steps or actions Analysis of training needs: interview to identify performance needs. Identification of appropriate learning methods: consulting of guest speaker. ; Employee self-evaluation of performance: simulated work experience. ;Owner feedback: on-the-Job coaching or mentoring. Follow up: simulated work experience. Behavior/expectations/support ; Elaborate a learning plan targeted, collaboratively developed, agreed to and implemented. ; Owner identifying and approving resources and time lines required for learning activities. ; Employee proclivity to fill in the performance gaps.Owner providing coaching and mentoring assistance. Owner providing encouragement and positive feedback to the employee. Data/ resources Survey to be subordinated during informal interview. ; Guest speaker identifying appropriate learning methods. Timeline ; 1 week for analysis ; 1 week for simulating work experience, feedback and follow up. AAA. Employee self-assessment. SELF ASSESSMENT Employee details Name: PAUL SMITH position: FRONT OFFICE work area: CUSTOMER SERVICE contact no. : 555 555 555 1. Sees your current level of skill/knowledge relating to the skills/knowledge provided: I know how to take orders from clients, how to answer to phone calls, how to record appointments on the agenda. 2. Think about the requirements of your Job in relation to the skill areas and note the major task/knowledge requirements of your position: I need to improve my approach to the Clients, delivering effective customer service. I need to learn how to use suppliers database, to imp rove communication tit back office staff. I need to learn more about mechanical components, to improve communication with staff.I need to respect more workplace rules and workflow. 3. Where you can identify that your skills/knowledge are less than those required for your position, tick the box Training Required: a) Dealing with customers b) Communication with the staff c) Being at work on time 4. Where training is required, decide how soon your training should occur: a) the next 2 weeks b) In the next 2 weeks c) Immediately AAA. Feedback mechanisms. In Richard needs to collect feedback on performance of team members from relevant resources and compare with established team learning needs.Feedback on performance may include: ; Formal/informal performance appraisals. Obtaining feedback from clients. Obtaining feedback from supervisors and colleagues. Personal, reflective behavior strategies. ; Routine organizational methods for monitoring service delivery. Richard may use some formal systems in comparing established team learning needs, such as measurement systems (including planning), individual and team performance and reward systems, resource allocation systems. Richard should use also some informal yester in comparing established team learning needs, including meeting formats and conflict resolution protocols.AS. Development program Goals. Richard has to identify and develop program goals and objectives in order to establish clear training goals, learning objectives, and long-term objectives based on the outcomes that his employees wish to achieve. The goals and objectives indicate what the participants will learn and achieve as a result of their learning. To be effective, training must be specifically structured to meet stated outcomes and must be based on: ; Clear and measurable goals. Clear and learner focused objectives. Long-term objectives, to establish a pattern for future evaluation.Richard should provide to his employees a document that specifies in a structured format how they should perform a Job or work role (competency standard). AAA. Appropriate Learning Methods. Learning delivery methods appropriate to the learning goals may include: ; Conference and seminar attendance ; Formal course participation ; Induction Involvement in professional networks On-the-Job coaching or mentoring Presentations/demonstrations ; Problem-solving Work experience It is important to give the right consideration to participants expect and their earning style.Some learning methods might be not effective because: ; Lack of practical information (too much theory or background and not enough â€Å"how-to† approaches or action steps). ;Material too elementary and/or out of date, no â€Å"state of the art†. ; Not enough group interaction (too much lecturing). O Lecture notes and visuals not sequenced with course coverage. Sometimes boring. Disorganized – skipping from topic to topic with no sense of direction. ; Poor visuals. To p rovide an effective training program, the trainer should: ; Assess in advance the relative importance of each segment of the learning program. Spend more time on the most vital segments. Determine priorities for the elements of the session in advance. An effective trainer should avoid spending too much time on relatively lightweight portions of the learning program and being sidetracked by too many questions. AAA. Workplace opportunities. Informal session for customer service for front office staff. ;Refresh training in the main workshop. Rear house session with supplier sell manager. AAA. Assess and record outcomes of recommended training.Assessment in training is about measuring learners to see if they have reached the stated objectives of the course. To assess and record outcomes and performance of individuals and teams you need to evaluate their knowledge and their skills. 1 . Knowledge: what learners gained as a result of training. These assessments test the recall of facts, co mprehension skills, analysis skills, synthesis skills and evaluation skills. 2. Practical skills: the application of knowledge to a given situation. Knowledge and Practical skills include four main types of assessment: 1 .Real work: Takes place whilst the learner is performing real work, on- the-job. 2. Simulated work: Usually performed off-the-job, possibly in a training room or mock up work site. 3. Written: Used to demonstrate in written form what they know, either on paper or on computer. 4. Oral: When learners speak about what they know. One of the key challenges with assessment is to be able to assess the learning back in the workplace, â€Å"on the Job†, and it is possible to check it through the Performance Review Programs, which include observations on the Job.It is also fundamental to record assessment, keeping â€Å"training records† through a recording system that enables easy identification of what training each staff member has completed and when. Dependi ng on the size of the organization, this could be a simple matrix or it ay be done through the use of software commonly known as a â€Å"Learning Management System† (ALMS). AY. Adjusting the learning program. After monitoring and evaluating if the training course met the aims and objectives for which it was developed, it is important to adjust the learning program, if it is not u to expected dimension.Based on both assessment and evaluation, it might be needed to make or recommend changes for future training to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of learning. Changes can be made on different sides: TIME: Recommending a review of time to address the time to provide a more impressive treatment of the subject or selecting in lecture notes. CONTENT: Reviewing or re-writing the content of a presentation, for example to ensure emphasis on the practical application of the material. DELIVERY: Focusing learning material on fact and accepted knowledge not on opinion or on a partic ular style of management.Proposing to the learners generally and officially accepted management techniques and policies. FORMAT: Including a glossary of terms and an annotated bibliography to the notes. Organizing the content of the learning notes, making frequent use of headings and sub-headings and bullet points. Reviewing formatting and printing to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of learning. Providing copies of the learning material in advance so that those involved with changes can be appraised of the current presentations. AI. Documenting and maintaining records and reports of competency gained.Many methods can be employed to document and maintain records: ; Training evaluation form template Course participants to complete and to hand form to trainer after completion ; Assessment by course Director/Supervisor/Owner Owner/Supervisor to complete either with, or after discussion with the participant. Owner/Supervisor to complete either with, or after discussion with the participant 1 . Have you seen the desired changes to the participant's skills or knowledge? Yes 2. How will you test that the participant has gained from this course? Simulating work experience. . If the participant did not make the gains necessary, what can be done to address this? He can be trained again trough an on-the-Job coaching or mentoring and he could attend a formal course about customer service, internal communication and mechanical components. 4. From discussions with the participant, are you both attested that attendance at the training plan was worthwhile? Yes 5. Other comments? Elaborating a training need analysis was a effective way to improve my staff knowledge and skills and to implement and develop an effective team work.Supervisor: Richard Parker Date: 25. 02. 2014 Conclusion/Summary This report has looked at identifying and implement learning and development needs for an automotive service workshop. Developing a learning and development plan, elaborating a stra tegy to encourage staff to self evaluate performance, assessing performance, providing feedback and managing follow up. The process of monitoring, evaluating, implementing and developing people performance is essential to the success of any business.

Property rights and the Constitution - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2073 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Property rights and the Constitution This essay will discuss the plain packaging laws for tobacco in the Commonwealth of Australia. A recent High Court of Australiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s judgment in the case of JT International and British American Tobacco v Commonwealth of Australia[1] has upheld the righteousness of the tobacco plain packaging laws. However, the manufacturers have argued that such laws constitute hostile acquisition of intellectual property. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Property rights and the Constitution" essay for you Create order This paper reviews such claims of manufacturers and whether intellectual property rights are indeed endangered with such laws. Therefore, it will be argued that it is important that the Australian Constitution should protect intellectual property rights more robustly reinstating that acquisition of property does not take place at unjust terms. While evaluating the above critically, the essay is broken down in to the following sub-sections: summary of the judgment in JT International and British American Tobacco v Commonwealth of Australia, the legal aspects, the economic repercussions of such laws and pros cons, and the final expected outcome. Judgment summary The legislation of the Tobacco Plain Packaging Act 2011 (Cth) puts some restrictions on the use of colour, size, font, marks, other physical features, etc. in the packaging for tobacco products.[2] The tobacco manufacturers in opposition to the same claimed that it is an acquisition of the intellectual property that they have developed over the years and contributes significantly to their sales. Thus, on one hand they are given exclusive rights to use certain captions, logos, marks, etc. and on the other hand restriction is being levied for use of such exclusivity.[3] The Commonwealth of Australia being the defendant claimed that there is no acquisition of property commensurate to Section 51(xxxi) of the Constitution and therefore the question of acquisition of the manufacturersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ property rights does not only arise.[4] The Court after due diligence and through a statement of reasons of the bench of judges came to the conclusion that there is indeed no acquisition of property to invoke Section 51(xxxi) of the Constitution and thus the Tobacco Plain Packaging Act 2011 (Cth) is fair in its legislation.[5] Legal aspects The reasons and statements made by the bench in support of their judgment are critical to understand and be read with the appropriate legislation. In this sect ion, we intend to relate the reasons with the appropriate legislation. In the Tobacco Plain Packaging Act 2011 (Cth) s 18 of the Act prescribes the physical features of the packaging (i.e. the cigarette packet) as well as the packing (i.e. cartons).[6] The retail packaging restrictions as prescribed by the Act is excerpted below: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ (1) The retail packaging of tobacco products must comply with the following requirements: (a) the outer surfaces and inner surfaces of the packaging must not have any decorative ridges, embossing, bulges or other irregularities of shape or texture, or any other embellishments, other than as permitted by the regulations; (b) any glues or other adhesives used in manufacturing the packaging must be transparent and not coloured. Cigarette packs and cigarette cartons (2) A cigarette pack or cigarette carton must comply with the following requirements: (a) the pack or carton must be rigid and made of cardboard, and only cardboar d (subject to paragraphs (1)(b) and (3)(d)); (b) when the pack or carton is closed: (i) each outer surface of the pack or carton must be rectangular; and (ii) the surfaces of the pack or carton must meet at firm 90 degree angles; (c) all edges of the pack or carton must be rigid, straight and not rounded, bevelled or otherwise shaped or embellished in any way, other than as permitted by the regulations.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  When we closely examine the highlighted parts, it is evident that what the Act envisages is uniformity of shape, size and colour. The trademarks, copyrights, etc. registered by the businesses are differentiated by the symbols, colour, fonts, etc. Thus, it may seem that the costs incurred by the businesses in developing these differentiated marks or fonts or colour are sunk to an extent because of this uniformity. However, if Section 19(3) is read, it is found that the brand name, business name or variant name doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t require to follow th e colour scheme which implies that while the whole pack is required to be of a certain colour (dark brown if nothing else is specified), the brand name or the variant name can continue to be of the colour it is. Section 19(3)[7] is read as below: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“(3) The following are not required to be the colour mentioned in paragraph (2)(b): (a) the health warnings; (b) the text of: (i) the brand, business or company name, or variant name (if any), for the tobacco products; and (ii) the relevant legislative requirements (other than the health warnings). Evidently, Section 20 prescribes no use of trademarks, marks, variant or business name in the no other text orientation than that of health warning. Further, while Section 20 does not apply to wrappers, Section 22 clarifies that even wrappers cannot have any trademarks, colour, should have non-transparent material, etc. The overall impact of the same is that, businesses or brands that have their differentiation ma de in a way that modifies the name of the variant will be less harmed compared to a business that uses a trademark or image for differentiation purpose.[8] Every brand of cigarette extensively relies on the colour and image specificity to differentiate with other brands. The similar restrictions on packaging will result in the redundancy of all intellectual property rights being built by the businesses over time. If all the brandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s cigarette packs look alike with just the name of the brand in plain text, then the costs incurred in intellectual property development over the years shall surely be wasted. Consequently, with the provision of the Tobacco Plain Packaging Act 2011 (Cth) applicable, the only use of trademarks shall be limited to showcasing them in advertisements. Based on the above, there is certainly an infringement into the Intellectual Property Rights of the manufacturers. One of the reasons forwarded by the bench of High Court of Australia regarding the non-usability of trademarks, designs, etc. was that an intellectual property is in itself a negative right which is put into effect with an attempt to stop others from using it.[9] Thus in effect, the restriction to use such intellectual property which bars other competitors from using a close clone of the image (trademark) would in no way take any right granted to the manufacturers. However, if we consider the end result by way of the packaging of the product, when the major proportion of the packaging is similar in colour, texture, shape, etc. for each brand, the right to stop a close competitor from copying or using a close symbolism is effectively made zero. Therefore, the value of an intellectual property as used in the financial statements based on some methodology which is again based on some Australian statute becomes much lower due to its apparent ineffectiveness. Therefore, there is surely an acquisition or reduction in value of an asset without any consideration, let alone a just consideration. Furthermore, with respect to the question whether there is an acquisition of property via unjust terms so as to invoke Section 51(xxxi) of the Constitution or not, it is clarified that since the Commonwealth is not using any property of the plaintiffs to derive any benefit and nor does it hold any interest in such property. As such, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"acquisitionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is not in effect. While in literal terms although the justification may seem correct, the same concept can also be viewed in a different light. The objective of the Commonwealth of Australia here is to reduce the consumption of cigarettes and tobacco products. By validating the Tobacco Plain Packaging Act 2011 (Cth), the effectiveness of the intellectual property of the manufacturer is reduced substantially and this reduction in effectiveness to sale cigarettes is being capitalised to fulfil the objective of reducing cigarette consumption. Thus, even without holding an interest i n the property, the property is being controlled to fulfil a different set of objectives. It has to be considered that for an intangible asset literal possession is not possible and the existence of such asset is only realisable through it use and control over it. Thus, from a different point of view, there is a virtual acquisition of intellectual property on unjust terms. The Economic Repercussions If we think practically, the economic impact can be broadly classified into two categories. The first category is that consumers would already consume cigarettes and are habituated; for these consumers, the impact of the Act will possibly be limited and subject to time constraint. Although consumers will initially find a little difficulty in finding their brand, over time they will be acquainted with the new restricted packaging of cigarettes. The second category is potential new consumers, where for new consumers the impact on sale will be much deeper. These are the consumers on w hom the concept of differentiation has the highest impact and it is for this segment that the trademarks, colour, packaging, etc. play a significant role. With the new look alike packaging restrictions for all cigarette brands, there is a high possibility that the established brands like Camel, Marlboro etc. will lose their lustre. There is a potential loss of goodwill, brand image and positioning in the mind of the consumers. Therefore, since there will be a definite loss in monetary terms through trademark and design restrictions, the applicability of Tobacco Plain Packaging Act 2011 seems unjust to manufacturers because of the following reasons. First, the reduction in consumption of cigarettes could have been practiced through alternative means without infringing any loss of goodwill, brand value. With the objective of reducing cigarette consumption, a mere mandate to showcase pictures of cancer patients over a substantial area of the packet could have been adequate. The dest ruction of brand proposition and trademarks of tobacco manufacturers were not required to be done. Furthermore, the intellectual property laws pertaining to tobacco manufacturers could have been separately amended first and just terms could have been extended for existing players in the market.[10] Based on the above, it is concluded that the outcome of the JT International and British American Tobacco v Commonwealth of Australia was not good. Final expected outcome In section 51(xxxi) it is stated that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the acquisition of property on just terms from any State or person for any purpose in respect of which the Parliament has power to make lawsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[11] This provision in the Constitution does not clarify and foresee situations like this infringement of intellectual property rights and the same can be exploited by States. In addition, a number of cases and allegations of unjust acquisition of property by States in lieu of th e aforementioned provision of Section 51 can be exemplified. For example, in the case Spencer v Commonwealth of Australia[12], Mr Peter Spencer protested New South Wales legislation and Commonwealth actions which had diminished his ability to clear his land as he pleased and diminished the value of his land, which constituted an unjust acquisition of his property.[13] A case of similar nature took place in the Kimberley region where land was acquired for a gas precinct and allegations of unjust acquisition have surfaced. Therefore, the Constitution should be much more robust in reinstating that acquisition does not take place at unjust terms and for the same relevant bills and amendments need to be brought in. A Private Memberà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s bill was introduced by Mr. Bob Katter in the House of Representatives called Constitution Alteration (Just Terms) Bill 2010 so as to withhold the concept of just compensation for property acquisition made by the States for common benefit of the Commonwealth of Australia. This again testifies the claim that unjust acquisition of property does happen in the country and adequate steps to counter the same should be put in place. References Cited Daniel Fletcher, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"JT International SA v Commonwealth: Tobacco Plain Packagingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2013) 35(15) Sydney Law Review 827. Tobacco Plain Packaging Act 2011 (Cth) Diane Spooner, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Propertyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and acquisition on just terms, 1 [1] (2012) 250 CLR 1. [2] Tobacco Plain Packaging Act 2011 (Cth) s 18. [3] JT International and British American Tobacco v Commonwealth (2012) 250 CLR 1, 19 [2]. [4] JT International and British American Tobacco v Commonwealth (2012) 250 CLR 1, 70 [176]-[178]. [5] Daniel Fletcher, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"JT International SA v Commonwealth: Tobacco Plain Packagingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2013) 35(15) Sydney Law Review 827, 828. [6] Tobacco Plain Packaging Act 2011 (Cth) s 18. [7] Tobacco Plain Packaging Act 2011 (Cth). [8] Tobacco Plain Packaging Act 2011 (Cth) s 22. [9] JT International and British American Tobacco v Commonwealth 250 CLR 1, 31 [36]. [10] JT International and British American Tobacco v Commonwealth (2012) 250 CLR 1, 25-26 [25]. [11] Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act [12] [2010] HCA 28. [13] Spencer v Commonwealth of Australia (2010) 241 CLR 118, 126 [8]-[9].